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Snake facts

by Frederick
(Virginia)

I found your site while searching for information and photos about the Snake Temple in Penang. I operate a Serpentarium here in Virginia and am working on an exhibit about snakes in religious traditions.

The snakes in the Penang temple are Wagler's pit vipers (Tropilodaemus wagleri), sometimes known as "temple vipers" because of their association with this temple. They occur in three very distinct color phases; the one in your photograph is known as the Sumatran phase. The other two phases are Kalimantan and Sulawesi.

It is probably not the case that the smoke from incense stupifies the snakes... these beautiful vipers are by nature extremely lethargic and sedentary and will sit in one place for long periods of time without moving. They ususally feed only once a month or so, and the females, like most vipers, give birth to live young.

That is a female in the photograph -- these snakes are sexually dimorphic. The females are much larger and more colorful.... the males are small and solid green and almost look like a different species of snake altogether. They are dangerously venomous.... somewhere above most of our rattlesnakes, but below cobras and kraits, but are not aggressive.

However, when feeding or irritated, they can strike remarkably fast and in any direction, even backwards, so it would definitely be a bad idea to try to touch one!

Comments for
Snake facts

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Jan 30, 2010
Wagler's viper
by: Frederick

Anonymous - I am originally from Winston-Salem, NC, but was living in Patrick County, VA at the time that was written. I have since moved to MD to take a job in the herpetology dept. at the Catoctin Zoo in Thurmont [www.cwpzoo.com]

Oct 31, 2009
Temple Pitviper stuff (response to last couple comments)
by: Anonymous

Frederick: where in VA do you live? I'm in NC; maybe I can come visit sometime and see your snakes.

Wagler's or temple pitvipers are very popular among those who keep venomous snakes in captivity, because they're so beautiful and also because they're very laid-back and disinclined to bite. (I'm not sure I'd describe them as lethargic, or at least, no more so than many other vipers.) There has been some research on their venom, particularly, unique peptides called waglerins. Waglerin-1 is a neurotoxin that functions the same way as alpha-neurotoxins from elapid venoms, by blocking post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; it also has an action on GABA-A neurons similar to that of Valium and other benzodiazepines.

I've never read or even heard of a single case of a bite from this species, even though so many people keep them in captivity and handle them at the Temple of the Azure Cloud (despite the monks' warnings). To the best of my knowledge, there isn't any reliable information on the symptoms of a bite, or how effective the available antivenom is. (Yes, I tried doing a Medline search - didn't turn up anything.) So I'm curious where you got your info on the toxicity of their venom? Are you using data on the bites of other Asian arboreal pitvipers?

Also: juvenile T. wagleri of both sexes look like the adult males (i.e., mostly green, in contrast to the ornately patterned females), don't they?

To Christine: I think the monks feed the snakes eggs. Snakes can't digest plant matter, so tofu's definitely not on the menu, but lots of snakes will eat eggs. There are even some snakes (native to Africa and South Asia) who eat nothing but eggs: they're the only vegetarian (if admittedly not vegan) snakes in the world. I'm not religious, but I agree with you about the importance of compassion. Personally, I applaud the compassion that the monks of the Temple of the Azure Cloud show for these snakes. Snakes are too often unfairly maligned and persecuted, and the natural habitat of these particular snakes -- the jungle that once surrounded the area where the temple is located -- has been all but destroyed.

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